Atom Patterns 4.16.12
Part 2: Atom patterns
1. Protons and neutrons make up the mass of an atom and are found in the nucleus.
2. Electrons do not contribute significant mass to an atom but do make up the volume of an atom since they are found in the electron cloud.
3. The overall charge of the nucleus is positive because of the positive protons (p+) and neutral neutrons (n0).
4. The charge of the electron cloud is negative because of the negative electrons (e-).
5. The attraction between the positive charge of the nucleus and the negative charge of the electron cloud holds the atom together.
6. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles. Atoms are different from each other because the numbers of their subatomic particles are different.
Mass: Units for the mass of an atom are amu, Atomic Mass Units. We learned in Part 1 that each proton contributes 1 amu, each neutron contributes 1 amu, and electrons are so small that they do not contribute to the mass of an atom. One way to determine the mass of an atom is simply to count the total number of protons and neutrons of an atom. The diagram of a hydrogen atom that you built had one proton in the nucleus so the mass of this hydrogen atom is 1 amu. The diagram of a helium atom that you built had two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus so the mass of this helium atom is 4 amu.
1. Protons and neutrons make up the mass of an atom and are found in the nucleus.
2. Electrons do not contribute significant mass to an atom but do make up the volume of an atom since they are found in the electron cloud.
3. The overall charge of the nucleus is positive because of the positive protons (p+) and neutral neutrons (n0).
4. The charge of the electron cloud is negative because of the negative electrons (e-).
5. The attraction between the positive charge of the nucleus and the negative charge of the electron cloud holds the atom together.
6. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles. Atoms are different from each other because the numbers of their subatomic particles are different.
Mass: Units for the mass of an atom are amu, Atomic Mass Units. We learned in Part 1 that each proton contributes 1 amu, each neutron contributes 1 amu, and electrons are so small that they do not contribute to the mass of an atom. One way to determine the mass of an atom is simply to count the total number of protons and neutrons of an atom. The diagram of a hydrogen atom that you built had one proton in the nucleus so the mass of this hydrogen atom is 1 amu. The diagram of a helium atom that you built had two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus so the mass of this helium atom is 4 amu.
1. Explain why the charge is 0 (zero) for each of the four atoms that you built on the diagrams.
That is because there is an equal number of protons and electrons.
2. Rewrite the following statement so that it is TRUE: The number of protons and neutrons for these atoms increase sequentially by one.
The number protons increase as the electrons increase.
3. Use a periodic table to look up the atomic numbers for hydrogen, helium, lithium, and beryllium. Complete the table below and answer the follow-up questions below the table.
That is because there is an equal number of protons and electrons.
2. Rewrite the following statement so that it is TRUE: The number of protons and neutrons for these atoms increase sequentially by one.
The number protons increase as the electrons increase.
3. Use a periodic table to look up the atomic numbers for hydrogen, helium, lithium, and beryllium. Complete the table below and answer the follow-up questions below the table.
Use the trend that you see in the table above to predict huw many protons will be found in an atom of:
What statement can be made about an atom's atomic number and the atom's number of protons?
The atomic number of an atom is based on the number of protons it has. (they are equal)
4. Use the same group of elements (copper, boron, uranium, gold, and neon) to predict the number of electrons found in a single NEUTRAL atom (an atom without charge).
The atomic number of an atom is based on the number of protons it has. (they are equal)
4. Use the same group of elements (copper, boron, uranium, gold, and neon) to predict the number of electrons found in a single NEUTRAL atom (an atom without charge).
What statement can be made about a neutral atom's number of electrons compared to the atoms number of protons?
The number of electrons is the number of protons.
5. If we know an atom's mass in amu and we know the number of protons of the atom, we can calculate the remaining number of neutrons that contribute mass using simple subtraction?
APE MAN. Atomic number = Protons = Electrons. Mass - Atomic number = Neutrons.
Look at the example, using the atoms that you built on the diagrams, then complete the rest of the chart.
The number of electrons is the number of protons.
5. If we know an atom's mass in amu and we know the number of protons of the atom, we can calculate the remaining number of neutrons that contribute mass using simple subtraction?
APE MAN. Atomic number = Protons = Electrons. Mass - Atomic number = Neutrons.
Look at the example, using the atoms that you built on the diagrams, then complete the rest of the chart.